Refrigerant mu modoka: Umutima wo gukonjesha neza mu gihe uri mu rugendo

Ku ngendo zo mu muhanda zigezweho, ingendo zo mu muhanda utari uwo mu muhanda, ndetse no mu ngendo zo mu rugo za buri munsi, firigo z'imodokaByabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gutuma ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bikomeza gukonja. Kuva ku rugendo rurerure kugeza ku gutembera no gukambika, ibi bikoresho byo gukonjesha bitwara abantu bitanga uburyo bworoshye budasanzwe. Ariko, ingenzi muri sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yo gukonjesha—yaba igikoresho cyo mu rugo cyangwa firigo y'imodoka—ni firigo ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha. Muri iyi nkuru, turasuzuma uruhare rw'ibikoresho bikonjesha mu bikoresho bikonjesha, ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha n'ingaruka zabyo ku bidukikije.

 

Igikoresho gikonjesha ni iki?

Refrigerant ni ikintu cyangwa uruvange rukoreshwa mu gukonjesha rukura ubushyuhe buva mu gace kamwe rukabushyira mu kandi. Mu magambo make, refrigerant ni ingenzi mu gukonjesha. Zishobora guhinduranya amazi na gaze, zigakura ubushyuhe neza kandi zigakomeza ubushyuhe bwifuzwa muri firigo. Iyi nzira isa n'uko icyuma gikonjesha mu rugo gikonjesha inzu yawe, ariko gikora kuri firigo ntoya yo mu modoka.

Ubusanzwe firigo ifite ubushyuhe buke, bivuze ko ishobora guhinduranya ubushyuhe neza hagati y’amazi n’umwuka. Ibi bituma ishobora gufata ubushyuhe neza no kubungabunga ubushyuhe buri muri firigo y’imodoka. Imikorere myiza ya firigo y’imodoka ishingira cyane ku miterere ya firigo, harimo ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufata no kurekura ubushyuhe, igitutu n’ubushyuhe, ndetse n’umutekano wayo ku muntu uyikoresha no ku bidukikije.

 

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikonjesha bikoreshwa muri firigo z'imodoka

Mu myaka myinshi ishize, firigo zagize uruhare runini mu buryo bwo gukonjesha, harimo na firigo zo mu modoka. Ubwoko butandukanye bwa firigo butandukanye mu miterere ya shimi, imikorere myiza yo gukonjesha, n'ingaruka ku bidukikije. Ibi bikurikira ni ubwoko butandukanye bwa firigo zikunze gukoreshwa ku isoko rya firigo zo mu modoka ubu.

 

R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)

R-134a ni imwe mu mashini zikoreshwa cyane muri firigo kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri firigo z'imodoka ndetse no muri sisitemu zo gukonjesha imodoka. Ni firigo ikoreshwa muri freon (HFC) yashyizwe mu ntangiriro za 1990 nk'isimbura R-12, yagaragaye ko yangiza urwego rwa ozone icyo gihe. Nubwo R-134a idatera ingaruka mbi ku urwego rwa ozone, iracyafite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha ku isi (GWP), bivuze ko nirekurwa mu kirere, izakomeza kugira ingaruka ku mihindagurikire y'ikirere.

 

Ibyiza bya R-134a:

Imikorere myiza yo gukonjesha.

Ntirigira uburozi kandi ntirishobora gushya.

Ikoreshwa cyane kandi ihendutse.

 

Ingaruka mbi za R-134a:

GWP nyinshi, ntabwo ari amahitamo arengera ibidukikije.

Bikora gake cyane ugereranyije na firigo nshya, kandi bishobora gusaba compressor nini kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka imwe yo gukonjesha.

 

R-600a (isobutane)

R-600a, izwi kandi nka isobutane, ni icyuma gikonjesha cya hydrocarbon gisanzwe cyakunzwe cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha kubera ingaruka nke ku bidukikije. Ugereranyije na R-134a, R-600a ifite GWP nkeya cyane kandi ikoresha ingufu nke, bigatuma iba amahitamo meza ku bikoresho byo gukonjesha byo mu modoka, harimo na firigo zo mu modoka.

 

Ibyiza bya R-600a:

GWP nke cyane, hafi nta cyangiritse ku rukuta rwa ozone.

Ikora neza kurusha HFC refrigerants.

Bisanzwe, birengera ibidukikije.

 

Ingaruka mbi za R-600a:

Irashya cyane, isaba uburyo bwitondewe bwo kuyifata no gufata ingamba zihariye z'umutekano.

Si uburyo bwose bwo gukonjesha buhuye, kandi ibikoresho bishaje bishobora gukenera kongera gushyirwamo.

 

R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene)

R-1234yf ni firigo nshya yakuruye abantu benshi kubera GWP yayo nkeya. Ni firigo ya fluoroolefin (HFO) ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha mu gihe kizaza. R-1234yf yagenewe gusimbura R-134a mu buryo bw'umwuka ukonjesha imodoka kandi iri no kwinjira buhoro buhoro ku isoko rya firigo y'imodoka.

 

Ibyiza bya R-1234yf:

GWP nke cyane (hasi cyane ugereranyije na R-134a).

Ntirigira uburozi kandi ntirishobora gushya mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora.

Ingufu zikoreshwa neza.

 

Ingaruka mbi za R-1234yf:

Ihenze kurusha R-134a na R-600a.

Imiterere y'ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ibikorwa remezo byo gusana ubu ni mito cyane.

Iyo idafashwe neza, iracyagira ingaruka ku bidukikije.

 

R-290 (Propane)

R-290, cyangwa propane, ni indi firigo ya hydrocarbon ikoreshwa muri firigo zimwe na zimwe z’imodoka. Kimwe na R-600a, ifite ingaruka nke cyane ku bidukikije kandi ifite GWP nke cyane. Nubwo ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu zo gukonjesha z’ubucuruzi, irimo kwiyongera mu bikoresho bito byo gukonjesha bitwarwa, cyane cyane firigo z’imodoka.

 

Ibyiza bya R-290:

GWP nke cyane, bigatuma iba amahitamo adahungabanya ibidukikije.

Imikorere myiza yo gukonjesha.

Ihendutse kandi iboneka ahantu henshi.

 

Ingaruka mbi za R-290:

Irashya cyane, ikagabanya ikoreshwa ryayo mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, isaba ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda.

Bisaba ibikoresho byihariye n'uburyo bwo kubikoresha.

 

Ingaruka z'ibikonjesha ku bidukikije

Uko imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’iyangirika ry’ibidukikije bigenda birushaho kuba bibi, ingaruka z’ibikoresho bikonjesha ku bushyuhe bw’isi zabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku nganda zikora ibikoresho bikonjesha. Ibikoresho bikonjesha bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bikonjesha (harimo na firigo zo mu modoka) byabaye isoko ikomeye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitewe n’uko bikabije mu kirere ndetse n’uburyo bikunze kumanuka mu kirere.

Uhanganye n'iki gitutu, Gasutamo irimo gukora kugabanya ubwinshi bw'ibintu bihumanya ikirere. R600a ikoreshwa muri firigo nshya zo mu kabati DC21DRW na DC28DRWKugira ngo hagabanywe ingaruka ku bidukikije, ikoreshwa rya firigo ririmo kugenda rigana ku gipimo cya GWP gito, kandi imikorere myiza y’ingufu za sisitemu nayo ikomeje kwiyongera. Frigo nka R-600a, R-1234yf na R-290 zirimo kuba inzira nziza zo gusimbura firigo gakondo bitewe n’ingaruka nkeya ku bidukikije n’ingufu nyinshi.

Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo izi firigo zitagira ingaruka nyinshi ku bidukikije, zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije mu gihe zidafashwe neza cyangwa zitajugunywe mu buryo bukwiye. Kubwibyo, abakora ndetse n'abaguzi bagomba kwibanda ku buryo bukwiye bwo kuzifata, kuzibungabunga no kuzijugunya.

 

Umwanzuro

Frigori yo mu modoka igira uruhare runini mu mikorere yayo, imikorere yayo myiza, ndetse n'ingaruka zayo ku bidukikije. Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere n'amategeko agenga ibidukikije bigenda birushaho gukomera, guhinduka kuri firigori nkeya nka R-600a, R-1234yf, na R-290 ntibizabura kubaho. Izi firigori ntizitanga gusa ingufu nziza, ahubwo zinafasha kugabanya karubone mu buryo bwa firigori zo mu modoka. Frigori zo mu gihe kizaza zizakomeza kwibanda ku bisubizo bitagira ingaruka ku bidukikije, binoze kandi byoroshye gukoresha.

Mu gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwa firigo buriho ubu n'ingaruka zabwo ku bidukikije n'imikorere yabyo, abaguzi bashobora gufata ibyemezo birambuye bityo bagatanga umusanzu mu iterambere rirambye ry'ejo hazaza.